1、查看已安装的内核：
dpkg --list | grep linux-image输出类似于：
root@localhost:~# dpkg --list | grep linux-image
rc linux-image-5.10.0-15-amd64 5.10.120-1 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-5.10.0-16-amd64 5.10.127-2 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-5.10.0-17-amd64 5.10.136-1 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-5.10.0-19-amd64 5.10.149-2 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-5.10.0-20-amd64 5.10.158-2 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-5.10.0-21-amd64 5.10.162-1 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-5.10.0-22-amd64 5.10.178-3 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-5.10.0-23-amd64 5.10.179-3 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-5.10.0-24-amd64 5.10.179-5 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-5.10.0-26-amd64 5.10.197-1 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-5.10.0-27-amd64 5.10.205-2 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-5.10.0-8-amd64 5.10.46-5 amd64 Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-6.1.0-17-amd64 6.1.69-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-6.1.0-18-amd64 6.1.76-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-6.1.0-20-amd64 6.1.85-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-6.1.0-21-amd64 6.1.90-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-6.1.0-22-amd64 6.1.94-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-6.1.0-23-amd64 6.1.99-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-6.1.0-25-amd64 6.1.106-3 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-6.1.0-26-amd64 6.1.112-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc linux-image-6.1.0-27-amd64 6.1.115-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ii linux-image-6.1.0-28-amd64 6.1.119-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ii linux-image-6.1.0-33-amd64 6.1.133-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ii linux-image-amd64 6.1.133-1 amd64 Linux for 64-bit PCs (meta-package)标记 ii表示已安装
标记 rc表示已卸载但残留配置
2、确定当前已安装的内核：
uname -r3、如果使用的不是最新的内核，需要重启应用新内核：
sudo reboot4、清理内核：
sudo apt autoremove --purge5、清理rc状态的内核：
sudo apt purge $(dpkg --list | grep '^rc' | awk '{print $2}')清理后内核列表如下：
root@localhost:~# dpkg --list | grep linux-image
ii linux-image-6.1.0-28-amd64 6.1.119-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ii linux-image-6.1.0-33-amd64 6.1.133-1 amd64 Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ii linux-image-amd64 6.1.133-1 amd64 Linux for 64-bit PCs (meta-package)注意：系统会自动保留一个旧内核作为回退，不要强制删除。